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Insect-derived polymer hydrogel based on fibroin matrix from whole silkworm larvae.

Maki Yamazaki1, Aoi Tojo1, Shusuke Hashimoto1

  • 1Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan.

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|November 7, 2025
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Summary

This study developed a novel hydrogel from whole silkworm larvae powder (B100rw), showcasing superior gelation and mechanical properties at low temperatures compared to silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels. The B100rw hydrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Insect-Derived Materials

Background:

  • Insect-derived polymers, such as silk fibroin (SF) and sericin from Bombyx mori, are recognized for their mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and sustainability.
  • These polymers are increasingly vital in pharmaceutical, food, and tissue engineering applications.
  • Developing novel hydrogels from readily available insect biomass is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize a hydrogel from whole silkworm larvae powder (B100rw) without additional gelling agents.
  • To investigate the gelation behavior and mechanical properties of the B100rw hydrogel, particularly under low-temperature conditions.
  • To compare the properties of the B100rw hydrogel with traditional SF hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of hydrogel from whole silkworm larvae powder (B100rw).
  • Analysis of gelation behavior via compressive stress, adhesiveness, and gelation time at low temperatures.
  • Structural characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to assess β-sheet content and crystallinity.
  • Comparative analysis with silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels, including studies on larvae with knocked-out fibroin heavy chain (FibH).

Main Results:

  • The B100rw hydrogel demonstrated gelation primarily dependent on fibroin heavy chain (FibH).
  • B100rw hydrogels exhibited significantly higher compressive stress and adhesiveness at low temperatures compared to SF hydrogels.
  • Faster initial gelation was observed for B100rw hydrogels, which showed a β-sheet conformation with lower crystallinity than SF hydrogels.
  • The enhanced properties are attributed to the presence of additional insect-derived polymers like sericin, chitin, and cellulose in the B100rw powder.

Conclusions:

  • A novel hydrogel was successfully developed from whole silkworm larvae powder (B100rw), exhibiting distinct gelation behavior and superior mechanical properties.
  • The B100rw hydrogel offers advantages over traditional SF hydrogels, especially at low temperatures, due to its unique composition.
  • These findings suggest potential applications for B100rw-derived hydrogels as multifunctional platforms in food and medical fields, leveraging natural gelling properties.