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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

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A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
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Hazard Ratio01:12

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The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
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Evaluating Clinical Tools to Monitor Cardiovascular Risk in Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Hormone Therapy.

Neha Venkatesh1, Pankaj Kumar Chauhan2, Sagar S Mukhida2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Men with prostate cancer on hormone therapy experienced worsening cardiovascular risk, particularly in lipid profiles. Current general risk calculators may not accurately assess these patients, highlighting a need for specialized tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Men with prostate cancer have high cardiovascular (CV) comorbidity.
  • Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) increase CV risk.
  • Current CV risk assessment tools (e.g., ASCVD score) are not validated for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in estimated CV risk in men with prostate cancer after 6 months of hormone therapy.
  • To assess the utility of general population CV risk calculators in this specific patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Post hoc analysis of 63 men with localized high-risk prostate cancer.
  • Patients received 6 months of preoperative ADT plus apalutamide with or without abiraterone.
  • Calculated ASCVD risk and metabolic syndrome (MetS) Z scores at baseline and end of treatment using AHA/ACC and MetS calculators.

Main Results:

  • Median ASCVD risk score increased by 0.95 after 6 months of ADT plus ARPI.
  • 21% of patients showed a clinically significant increase (≥2.5%) in ASCVD risk.
  • Lipid profiles worsened (total cholesterol, LDL), while blood pressure remained stable.
  • Only 28% experienced an increased MetS risk.

Conclusions:

  • Hormone therapy in men with prostate cancer leads to worsening lipid profiles and increased CV risk as estimated by general tools.
  • General CV risk assessment tools may underestimate risk in this population.
  • There is a critical need for prostate cancer-specific CV risk assessment tools.