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Coexistence of Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution and Classical Data over 120 km Fiber.

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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) achieved a record fiber distance of 120 km, coexisting with classical data. This breakthrough paves the way for scalable, quantum-secured communication networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Optical Communications
  • Cybersecurity

Background:

  • Integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical data on shared fibers is essential for scalable quantum security.
  • Classical channel noise significantly limits the distance achievable for QKD systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the longest possible distance for continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) coexisting with classical traffic.
  • To assess the feasibility of CV-QKD for deployment in existing long-haul optical networks.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstrated CV-QKD over 120 km fiber with 20 dB loss in the asymptotic regime and 100 km with 17 dB loss in the finite-size regime.
  • Achieved coexistence with a fully populated coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) system.
  • Utilized natural mode filtering of the local oscillator and phase noise mitigation without extra filtering or wavelength reallocation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record fiber distance for CV-QKD, surpassing previous limitations.
  • Demonstrated successful integration and operation alongside a dense classical WDM system.
  • Confirmed feasibility for 80-100 km long-haul networks through benchmarking and finite-size analysis.

Conclusions:

  • CV-QKD can be implemented over record distances, even with significant fiber loss and coexisting classical signals.
  • The system offers a plug-and-play solution suitable for current optical network infrastructure.
  • Results highlight the potential for cost-effective, large-scale quantum-secured communication deployment.