Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas01:18

Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas

3.9K
When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work, and its temperature drops. Adiabatic compressions actually occur in the cylinders of a car, where the compressions of the gas-air mixture take place so quickly that there is no time for the mixture to exchange heat with its environment. Nevertheless, because work is done on the mixture during the compression, its...
3.9K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II01:23

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas II

3.7K
For a system that undergoes a thermodynamic process at a constant volume condition, the heat absorbed is used only to increase the system's internal energy and not for doing any kind of work. While for a system undergoing a thermodynamic process under a constant pressure condition, the amount of heat absorbed is used not only for increasing the internal energy (as a function of temperature) but also for doing some work. The molar heat capacity is the amount of heat required to increase the...
3.7K
Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

5.5K
The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
5.5K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III01:25

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas III

3.3K
The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
3.3K
Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I01:14

Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas I

4.2K
Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by the substance corresponding to its temperature change. It is also called thermal capacity and the SI unit of heat capacity is J/K. Whereas, specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K and is also called massic heat capacity. Its SI unit is J/kg⋅K.
Molar heat capacity quantifies the ratio of the amount of heat added (or removed) to increase (or decrease) the...
4.2K
Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

48.5K
Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
48.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gravitational Origin of the QCD Axion.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Connecting Cosmic Inflation to Particle Physics with LiteBIRD, CMB-S4, EUCLID, and SKA.

Physical review letters·2024
Same author

Mapping the Viable Parameter Space for Testable Leptogenesis.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Erratum: Einstein-Cartan Portal to Dark Matter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 161301 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Einstein-Cartan Portal to Dark Matter.

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Searching for New Long-Lived Particles in Heavy-Ion Collisions at the LHC.

Physical review letters·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.9K

Warm Inflation with the Standard Model.

Kim V Berghaus1, Marco Drewes2,3, Sebastian Zell2,4,5

  • 1California Institute of Technology, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates that warm inflation is achievable using only standard model (SM) gauge interactions. A minimal SM extension with a scalar inflaton field and axionlike coupling resolves previous challenges, supporting warm inflation models.

More Related Videos

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus
12:30

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus

Published on: April 3, 2018

19.4K
Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding
09:17

Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

8.9K
High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus
12:30

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus

Published on: April 3, 2018

19.4K
Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding
09:17

Surrogate Model Development for Digital Experiments in Welding

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • Warm inflation models require specific conditions for viability.
  • Previous research suggested standard model (SM) gauge interactions alone were insufficient for warm inflation.
  • Light fermions were identified as a potential obstacle to SM-based warm inflation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of warm inflation using only standard model (SM) gauge interactions.
  • To propose a minimal extension of the SM that supports warm inflation.
  • To address the challenges posed by light fermions in warm inflation scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Minimal extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a single scalar inflaton field.
  • Incorporation of an axionlike coupling to gluons.
  • Utilizing a monomial potential for the inflaton field.
  • Alleviating fermion effects through Hubble dilution of chiral chemical potentials.

Main Results:

  • Warm inflation is shown to be feasible with SM gauge interactions alone.
  • A minimal SM extension model accommodates all inflationary observables.
  • The challenge of light fermions is overcome via Hubble dilution.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed minimal SM extension provides a viable framework for warm inflation.
  • This model has implications for axion experiments, dark matter, and the strong CP problem.
  • Warm inflation is achievable within the Standard Model augmented by a simple scalar sector.