Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Amygdalin in treating Cervical Cancer based on multi-omics analysis

Cervical cancer is a malignant gynecological tumor, and cancer cell metastasis remains poorly controlled despite surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine, with advantages of multi-target effects and low toxicity, has emerged as an important therapeutic approach. In this study, we screened Amygdalin-related targets and cervical cancer differentially expressed genes using databases (SwissTargetPrediction, TCGA). Key modules were identified via WGCNA, and core targets (CA9 and HK2) were determined through PPI network analysis and the MCODE algorithm. Single-cell RNA sequencing further localized Amygdalin-affected cell populations. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations verified the binding affinity of Amygdalin to CA9 and HK2, which were further confirmed by enzymatic activity assays. These key targets were upregulated in cervical cancer tissues, significantly correlated with patient survival, and exhibited good diagnostic value (ROC curve AUC > 0.9). Cell experiments have shown that Amygdalin inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induces cell apoptosis. Amygdalin-treated HeLa cells were arrested at the G1 phase, while Amygdalin-treated SiHa cells were arrested at the G2 phase. Finally, RNA-seq transcriptomics analysis elucidated the pathway regulation mechanisms. Collectively, this study systematically confirms that Amygdalin exerts significant anti-cervical cancer effects by targeting CA9 and HK2 to regulate multiple pathways, providing an experimental and theoretical basis for its development as a candidate drug for cervical cancer treatment.