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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Administration of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Adolescent and Adult Mice
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Delta-9 THC detection in the young pediatric postmortem population: 2018-2024.

Jennifer Swatek1, George Sam Wang2, Laura Labay1

  • 1NMS Labs, Horsham, PA, United States of America.

Child Abuse & Neglect
|November 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric cannabis exposure is rising, with delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and metabolites detected in postmortem infant blood. Most cases involved infants under one year old, with cannabis as the sole identified drug in nearly half.

Keywords:
CannabisLC-MS/MSPostmortem

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pediatric Health
  • Cannabinoid Analysis

Background:

  • Increasing rates of pediatric cannabis exposure noted in poison control and ER visits.
  • Focus on delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its metabolites in young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency of THC and metabolite detection in postmortem pediatric cases (<10 years).
  • To analyze trends in pediatric cannabinoid exposure using laboratory data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 17,512 postmortem blood cases from 2018-2024.
  • Screening via ELISA and confirmation with LC-MS/MS for THC and metabolites.
  • Evaluation of results based on limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ).

Main Results:

  • THC/metabolite positivity rates ranged from 1.6% to 2.8% (LOD) and 0.43% to 1.1% (LOQ).
  • The majority of positive cases (86%) involved children ≤2 years old, with a significant portion (31%) being infants <1 month or intrauterine demise.
  • Cannabis was the sole identified drug in 49% of cases, with caffeine being the most common co-finding (26%).

Conclusions:

  • The study indicates a concerning increase in cannabis exposure among young children.
  • Findings highlight the vulnerability of infants to cannabis toxicity.
  • Emphasizes the need for continued monitoring and awareness of pediatric cannabinoid exposure.