Preclinical models for autism spectrum disorder: past, present, and future

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral challenges in children.
• The precise etiology and pathophysiology of ASD remain incompletely understood, despite recognized environmental and genetic influences.
• Preclinical models are crucial for investigating ASD's complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compile preclinical models for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
• To assess the reliability, advantages, and disadvantages of various animal and in vitro models.
• To guide researchers in selecting appropriate models for advancing ASD research.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of preclinical models for ASD.
• Analysis of rodent, non-rodent animal, and in vitro models.
• Evaluation of models based on their ability to mimic behavioral and molecular features of ASD.

Main Results:

• Rodent models are traditionally trusted, but newer non-rodent and in vitro models offer speed and cost-effectiveness.
• Concerns exist regarding the fidelity of newer models in replicating ASD's behavioral and molecular characteristics.
• A range of models are available, each with specific strengths and limitations for studying autism.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of diverse preclinical models is vital for ASD research.
• Selecting the most appropriate model can significantly enhance the translational value of autism studies.
• This review provides insights to aid researchers in choosing optimal models for autism research.