Exploratory real-world experience with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes:...

In youth with type 2 diabetes (YT2D), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1) are recommended as adjuncts to metformin (Met) when glycemic targets are not achieved. Early GLP1 use may improve weight and glycemic control, but its efficacy as monotherapy in treatment-naïve YT2D remains unstudied. This exploratory study compares GLP1 and Met monotherapy for glycemic and weight outcomes in newly diagnosed YT2D.

This retrospective study analyzed patients<21 diagnosed with T2D between January 2022 and March 2024 at a single center. Data were collected for up to 1 year following diagnosis for patients prescribed GLP1 or Met alone. Records were excluded if additional diabetes medication or bariatric surgery was introduced. A mixed effects linear regression model adjusted for baseline BMI, HbA_1c, age, and gender.

The cohort included 12 GLP1 and 113 Met patients. About 83 % GLP1 patients were female (vs. Met 51 %). All were publicly insured. Median age at diagnosis was 14.8 years. Baseline and final HbA_1c were similar: GLP1 (52-36 mmol/mol) and Met (52-44 mmol/mol), with 83 % GLP1 and 67 % Met patients achieving HbA_1c≤48 mmol/mol (6.5 %) (p=0.253). Baseline BMI was higher in GLP1 (46.37 vs. Met 35.06 kg/m²). Percentage BMI reduction favored GLP1 (-5.10 %) over Met (-0.59 %). Regression analysis showed GLP1 was associated with greater monthly percentage BMI reduction (β= -1.08 %, p=0.001) but not with HbA_1c change (β= -1.1, p=0.308).

GLP1 led to greater BMI reduction with comparable glycemic control relative to Met in newly diagnosed YT2D.