Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay
Published on: July 26, 2022
Orofacial pain symptoms as potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: A cohort study
Seok Woo Hong1, Kyung Jae Yoon2,3,4,5, Jeong-Hyun Kang5,6
1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (ROK).
Objectives:
To investigate the longitudinal impact of orofacial pain symptoms on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk.
Methods:
Data from 692,980 Korean individuals were analyzed and categorized by the presence or absence of orofacial pain symptoms. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of orofacial pain for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Results:
A total of 47,824 (7.41%) participants reported orofacial pain symptoms, which were associated with increased MACE risks. However, some cases may have referred to cardiac pain rather than primary orofacial pain.
Conclusions:
Orofacial pain may independently increase the long-term risk of CVD.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Assessment of the Mouth
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

