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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

4.7K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
4.7K
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

1.8K
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
1.8K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

5.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
5.1K
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

4.0K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
4.0K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

1.1K
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
1.1K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

2.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
2.0K

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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Separation of Uranium and Thorium for 230Th-U Dating of Submarine Hydrothermal Sulfides
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Accelerating Solid/Liquid Chemical Exchange-Based Isotope Separation by the Dissolution/Precipitation Mechanism.

Yuchen Yang1, Tye Milazzo2, Wenbo Bao1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel, environmentally friendly method for isotope separation using solid-liquid exchange, overcoming limitations of traditional techniques. This approach enables efficient separation of isotopes like lithium, crucial for sustainability and health advancements.

Keywords:
chemical exchangeisotope separationlithiummachine learning potentialmolecular dynamicsnuclear fusion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nuclear Chemistry

Background:

  • Isotope separation is vital for sustainability, health, and fundamental science.
  • Chemical exchange-based isotope separation (CEIS) is scalable but often uses toxic materials.
  • Existing CEIS methods are typically gas-liquid or liquid-liquid, limiting scalability and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an environmentally benign and scalable isotope separation technique.
  • To overcome the slow diffusion rates typically observed in solid-state isotope exchange.
  • To explore solid-liquid phase exchange for efficient nuclide separation.

Main Methods:

  • A novel CEIS strategy utilizing accelerated dissolution and precipitation of solids in liquids.
  • Experimentation with solid lithium chloride (LiCl) and LiCl solution in acetone at 2 °C.
  • First-principle simulations to predict and validate isotope separation factors.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an isotope separation factor of 1.021-1.026 for lithium isotopes within 10 minutes.
  • Demonstrated efficient isotope exchange not limited by solid-state diffusion.
  • Experimental results align with theoretical predictions from first-principle simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed solid-liquid dissolution/precipitation strategy offers a scalable and efficient alternative for isotope separation.
  • This method avoids toxic materials, presenting a greener approach to isotope enrichment.
  • Opens new avenues for scalable isotope separation technologies applicable to various fields.