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Genetic Characterization and Evidence of Capsid Epitope Variation in Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Strains from
Long Ngoc Huynh Pham1, Phat Xuan Dinh2, Tram Ngoc Thi Ngo1,3
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC (NLU), Linh Xuan ward, Hochiminh city, Vietnam.
Abstract:
This study investigated the presence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Vietnam. Fifteen samples from sows with reproductive disorders across five provinces were screened by qPCR; those with Ct-values < 25 underwent sequencing. Whole-genome analysis revealed multiple polymorphisms, including a notable A24L substitution in the ORF2 Cap protein. Phylogenetic results showed 13 strains belonged to genotype PCV3b, while two were PCV3a (PCV3a-1 and PCV3a-IM), suggesting PCV3b predominance in Vietnam. Additionally, PCV3a-2 was significantly associated with respiratory and digestive disorders (p ≤ 0.001). These findings highlight PCV3's clinical relevance and support genotype-based classification for future vaccine and control efforts.
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