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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

9.7K
The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF
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Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF

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Long lasting complement neutralisation by RAY121, an engineered anti-C1s antibody with C1q displacement function.

Adrian W S Ho1, Taku Fukuzawa2, Hikaru Koga2

  • 1Chugai Pharmabody Research, Singapore, 138623, Singapore.

Ebiomedicine
|November 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RAY121, a novel antibody drug, offers extended complement pathway neutralization via subcutaneous injection, improving patient compliance for autoimmune disorder treatments.

Keywords:
AntibodyC1qC1sComplementPharmacokineticpH-dependent

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Related Experiment Videos

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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Antibody drugs targeting the complement classical pathway (CP) often require frequent intravenous infusions.
  • High complement protein levels and rapid turnover necessitate burdensome treatment regimens.
  • This limits patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and engineer an antibody with prolonged CP neutralization.
  • To develop a subcutaneously administered antibody for improved patient convenience.
  • To investigate the mechanism of action for long-lasting CP inhibition.

Main Methods:

  • Screening for anti-C1s antibodies with CP neutralizing function, focusing on the CUB domain.
  • Engineering antibodies for pH-dependent C1s binding and enhanced neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) interaction.
  • Utilizing cryo-electron microscopy to elucidate the antibody-antigen interaction and mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Engineered antibody RAY121 achieved prolonged circulation half-life and sustained CP neutralization.
  • A single subcutaneous injection in cynomolgus monkeys suppressed CP activity for over a month.
  • RAY121 displaces C1q from the C1 complex via a unique steric hindrance mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • RAY121 demonstrates extended CP neutralization with convenient subcutaneous administration.
  • The engineered antibody shows promise for treating complement-driven autoimmune disorders.
  • RAY121 offers a potential improvement in treatment compliance and efficacy.