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Updated: Jan 12, 2026
Biobanking of Human Aqueous and Vitreous Liquid Biopsies for Molecular Analyses
Published on: September 11, 2023
Aqueous humor biomarkers in ocular oncology: Insights and advances
Lara Cheslow1, Signe Caksa2, Rachel E Cain3
1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Abstract:
Ocular malignancies, though relatively rare, pose significant risks to patients' vision, quality of life, and potential for developing metastatic disease. Due to the eye's complicated and delicate anatomy, diagnosing ocular malignancy and monitoring its progression can be technically challenging. Current approaches include direct tumor biopsy, vitreous humor sampling, and imaging. However, these techniques are associated with rare, yet potentially severe, side effects and can be invasive or limited in detecting microscopic disease. Recent studies have introduced aqueous humor sampling as a promising, minimally invasive alternative to diagnose ocular malignancy, guide therapeutic management, monitor response to treatment, and track early recurrence. As oncologic biomarker research continues to progress, incorporating aqueous humor sampling into clinical practice may refine diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic approaches to enhance patient outcomes. This article reviews the latest advances in aqueous humor biomarkers in common ocular malignancies, including uveal melanoma, intraocular lymphoma, and retinoblastoma.
Insights
Aqueous humor sampling offers a less invasive method for diagnosing eye cancers like uveal melanoma. This technique aids in treatment guidance and monitoring for ocular malignancies, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Ocular malignancies present diagnostic and monitoring challenges due to the eye's complex anatomy.
- Current diagnostic methods like biopsy and imaging have limitations and risks.
- Aqueous humor sampling is emerging as a minimally invasive alternative.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in aqueous humor biomarkers for ocular malignancies.
- To highlight the potential of aqueous humor sampling in clinical practice.
- To discuss applications in diagnosis, treatment guidance, and recurrence monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on aqueous humor biomarkers.
- Analysis of diagnostic and monitoring capabilities of aqueous humor sampling.
- Focus on uveal melanoma, intraocular lymphoma, and retinoblastoma.
Main Results:
- Aqueous humor sampling shows promise as a minimally invasive diagnostic tool.
- Biomarkers in aqueous humor can aid in risk stratification and treatment response.
- Early detection of recurrence may be improved with this method.
Conclusions:
- Aqueous humor sampling represents a significant advancement in managing ocular cancers.
- Further research into oncologic biomarkers in aqueous humor will refine patient care.
- Integrating this technique can enhance outcomes for patients with eye malignancies.
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