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Updated: Jan 11, 2026
Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
Published on: May 24, 2022
Research on Registration Strategy for Guided Endodontics
Chang Liu1, Longfei Ma2, Yaopeng Zhang3
1Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China; First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Introduction:
The objective of this study was to evaluate which registration strategy (the number, configuration, and distribution range of fiducial markers) could obtain the optimal registration accuracy for guided root canal therapy.
Methods:
One 3-dimensional-printed mandibular jaw model was created. The fiducial markers used for registration were prepared on the crowns of anterior and posterior teeth. The models were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography, and digital models were built. Different numbers (3, 4, 6, 8, and 10), configurations (quadrilateral, triangular, and linear) and distribution ranges (target tooth, adjacent teeth, and mandibular dentition) of fiducial markers were applied for registration of the dynamic navigation system. The target registration error (TRE) was measured. One-way analysis of variance was applied to assess registration error between groups. The significance level was set at .05.
Results:
The TREs of 4 markers were significantly lower than those of three for both anterior tooth (0.32 mm vs 0.62 mm; P < .05) and posterior tooth (0.22 mm vs 1.43 mm; P < .05); increasing the number of markers to ten did not further reduce the TREs (P > .05). The TREs of markers arranged in a quadrilateral configuration were significantly lower than those in linear and triangular configurations (P < .05). The TREs of the markers selected on the target tooth and adjacent teeth were significantly lower than those in the mandibular dentition region for anterior tooth (P < .05).
Conclusions:
In endodontic treatment, the best registration accuracy was obtained by selecting four spatial quadrilateral fiducial markers localized around the target tooth.
