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Does Cognitive Function Influence the Benefits of Multicomponent Team Interventions?

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Summary
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Cognitive dysfunction is common in chronic lung and heart disease patients, but it does not affect the benefits of team interventions for quality of life. However, worse cognitive function was linked to fewer intervention visits.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Research
  • Clinical Interventions
  • Patient Quality of Life

Background:

  • Multicomponent team interventions aim to improve quality of life for patients with chronic conditions.
  • Cognitive function's impact on the effectiveness of these interventions is not well understood.
  • Prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases is high.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if cognitive function influences the benefits of multicomponent team interventions for quality of life.
  • To explore the association between cognitive function and intervention engagement metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Pooled data from two multisite randomized trials involving patients with COPD, ILD, and HF.
  • Assessed cognitive function using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS).
  • Used mixed-effects linear regression to analyze the impact of cognitive function on intervention outcomes and engagement.

Main Results:

  • 83% of participants screened positive for cognitive dysfunction.
  • Cognitive function did not significantly modify the benefits of the interventions on quality of life or related outcomes (P > .10).
  • Lower cognitive function scores correlated with fewer completed intervention visits (P = .007), but not intervention time or recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with chronic cardiopulmonary diseases.
  • Intervention benefits for quality of life are independent of cognitive status in this population.
  • Efforts to identify and engage patients with cognitive dysfunction in interventions are warranted to maximize participation and potential benefits.