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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Harmonized low-dose computed tomographic protocols for quantitative lung imaging using dose modulation and advanced

Jarron Atha1, Rachel L Eddy2,3, Junfeng Guo1,4

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.

Medical Physics
|November 8, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New low-dose quantitative computed tomography (QCT) lung imaging protocols significantly reduce radiation exposure by up to 70%. These harmonized protocols maintain measurement accuracy and precision for multi-center studies.

Keywords:
dose modulationiterative reconstructionlow‐dose CTlung CTprotocol developmentquantitative CT

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is crucial for multi-center lung imaging studies.
  • Standardized protocols historically used fixed CT dose index (CTDIvol) adjusted for body mass index.
  • Emerging dose modulation and iterative/deep-learning reconstruction (IR/DLR) techniques present opportunities for QCT standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop harmonized, reduced-dose lung QCT protocols.
  • Implement dose modulation and IR/DLR for the Precision Intervention for Severe Asthma (PrecISE) multi-center study.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a low-dose protocol on a reference scanner, comparing it to standard-dose protocols.
  • Utilized an anthropomorphic chest phantom (LUNGMAN) with custom inserts to assess accuracy, noise, and precision.
  • Evaluated Hounsfield Unit (HU) metrics, standard deviations (SD), coefficient of variation (CoV), and modulation transfer functions (MTF).
  • Employed specialized software (PASS) for consistent region-of-interest sampling.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a mean CTDIvol reduction of 54% (range 42%-70%) compared to standard-dose protocols.
  • Low-dose protocols demonstrated minimal mean HU differences for air and water inserts compared to the reference standard.
  • HU SD was lower in nine of ten low-dose protocols; HU CoV remained near zero for air.
  • Modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements in low-dose protocols showed comparable or improved performance over standard-dose protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Harmonized low-dose QCT protocols were successfully developed using current dose modulation and IR/DLR techniques.
  • These protocols reduce radiation dose by up to 70% while maintaining essential measurement accuracy and precision.
  • The developed protocols are suitable for application in multi-center studies, enhancing patient safety and data consistency.