Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

1.1K
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
1.1K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

7.4K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.4K
Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs

981
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
981
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences01:28

Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences

220
Social behavior is a complex phenomenon that arises from the interaction between biological predispositions and environmental influences. This intricate interplay shapes how individuals think, feel, and act in various social contexts. Understanding these mechanisms requires insights from psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Environmental Influences on Social BehaviorEnvironmental factors, including temperature, odors, and visual stimuli, play a crucial role in shaping...
220
Heritability01:06

Heritability

569
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
569
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

37.3K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
37.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deconstructing empirical fitness seascapes across scales of granularity.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same author

When evolvability meets constraint: reflections on empirical fitness landscapes after Weinreich et al. (2006).

Genetics·2026
Same author

Energetic constraints shape the diversity of feasible ecological networks.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Maynard Smith's analogy, realized: Common ancestry constrains evolutionary percolation through protein space.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Our cosmos, ourselves<b>The Edge of Space-Time</b> <i>Chanda Prescod-Weinstein</i> Pantheon, 2026. 368 pp.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Deconstructing empirical fitness seascapes across scales of granularity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Population Epigenetics: Deciphering DNA Methylation Diversity and its Implications for Health, Disease, and Evolution.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

Genomic signature of repeated transitions to diurnality in spiders.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

Phylogenomic blind spots: The limits of UCE and BUSCO loci in the presence of gene flow.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

seqLens: Optimizing Language Models for Genomic Predictions.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

The transcriptional and translational outcomes for pseudogenes in bacterial endosymbionts.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same journal

800 million years of co-evolution in the green plant lineage - the case of LEUNIG and SEUSS transcriptional co-regulators.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

7.9K

Environment-by-Environment Interactions Differ Across Genetic Backgrounds.

Kara Schmidlin1,2, C Brandon Ogbunugafor3,4, Alexander Sastokas1,2

  • 1Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|November 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environment-by-environment interactions significantly impact phenotypes and differ across genotypes. Understanding these complex interactions is key for evolutionary genetics and modeling microbial evolution.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

7.9K
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions
06:55

Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions

Published on: June 7, 2020

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
08:09

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: January 7, 2014

7.9K
Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

7.9K
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions
06:55

Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Screen for Tissue-Specific Chaperone Interactions

Published on: June 7, 2020

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Microbial genetics

Background:

  • Environmental conditions influence evolutionary trajectories by shaping phenotypes and fitness.
  • Environment-by-environment interactions occur when the combined effect of two environments deviates from their individual impacts.
  • While gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are well-studied, environment-environment interactions are less recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of environment-by-environment interactions in driving phenotypic variation.
  • To determine if environment-by-environment interactions differ across genotypes, suggesting environment-by-environment-by-genotype interactions.
  • To highlight the importance of these complex interactions in evolutionary and population genetics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large dataset comprising approximately 1,000 mutant yeast strains.
  • Assessment of varying degrees of resistance to different antifungal drugs.
  • Examination of drug-drug interactions across diverse mutant genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Environment-by-environment interactions were found to be significant drivers of phenotypes.
  • These interactions were observed to differ across genotypes, indicating environment-by-environment-by-genotype interactions.
  • Drug effectiveness varied significantly based on drug combinations and mutant genotypes, even for single nucleotide differences.

Conclusions:

  • Environment-by-environment-by-genotype interactions are crucial, yet often overlooked, factors in evolutionary and population genetics.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for accurate modeling of pathogenic microbe evolution.
  • These interactions provide insights into the sources of phenotypic variance within populations and the complex behavior of living systems.