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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Interstitial lung disease in SLE: a 30-year population study.

David M Ng1,2, Helen I Keen3,4, David B Preen5

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
|November 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have a significantly higher incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to controls. Risk factors include older age, smoking, and serositis, with SLE-ILD leading to increased mortality.

Keywords:
SLEepidemiologyinterstitial lung diseasemortalityrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology of Autoimmune Diseases
  • Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multi-organ involvement.
  • Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a known complication of SLE, but its comparative incidence and impact require further elucidation.
  • Understanding ILD in SLE is crucial for improving patient outcomes and management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) versus a control group.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with ILD development in SLE patients.
  • To assess the impact of ILD on mortality rates and causes of death in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Population-level cohort study utilizing longitudinal hospital data from Western Australia (1985-2014).
  • Inclusion of 1854 SLE patients and 12107 matched hospitalised controls.
  • Estimation of ILD incidence rates (IR) and mortality rates (MR) using multivariate logistic regression for risk factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • ILD occurred in 3.8% of SLE patients, with a significantly higher incidence rate (IR) compared to controls (26.8 times higher).
  • Independent risk factors for ILD in SLE patients included older age, smoking, and serositis.
  • SLE patients with ILD exhibited substantially higher mortality rates (MR 52.0) than SLE patients without ILD and controls with ILD, with respiratory causes predominating.

Conclusions:

  • Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is significantly more frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) than in the general population.
  • Older age, smoking, and serositis are identified as key risk factors for ILD development in SLE.
  • The presence of ILD adversely affects prognosis in SLE, leading to increased mortality, underscoring the need for heightened awareness and prompt management.