Detection of Metallic Li Deposition in a Laminated Li-Ion Battery Using Muonic X-rays.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Nuclear Physics

Background:

• Nondestructive detection of metallic lithium (Li) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for safety and assessing battery quality for reuse.
• Metallic Li deposition on anodes is a key failure and safety concern in LIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate elemental analysis with muonic X-rays as a quantitative method for detecting metallic Li in LIBs.
• To establish a method for assessing battery quality and degradation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

• Utilized muonic X-ray analysis, leveraging the preferential capture of negative muons by metallic Li.
• Applied the technique to laminated LIBs with varying amounts of metallic Li to create a standard curve.
• Correlated muonic X-ray signal intensity with the areal density of metallic Li.

Main Results:

• Successfully detected and quantified metallic Li deposition on graphite anodes.
• Achieved a detection limit of 0.01 mg/cm², well below reuse criteria thresholds.
• Established a reliable standard curve for metallic Li quantification.

Conclusions:

• Muonic X-ray analysis is a powerful, nondestructive tool for monitoring metallic Li in LIBs.
• This technique supports the development of safer, longer-lasting battery systems.
• Provides valuable insights into battery degradation mechanisms.