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Preparation of Artificial Bilayers for Electrophysiology Experiments

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Structure, Preparation, and Applications of Bigels.

Jingwen Tian¹, Wenye Zhai¹, Guangpu Yang¹

¹Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Molecule Discovery and Delivery, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Bioscience

|November 9, 2025

Summary

Bigels, combining hydrogels and oleogels, offer enhanced properties by integrating water and oil phases. These versatile biphasic systems show significant potential in drug delivery, cosmetics, and food applications.

Keywords:

applications bigels preparation structure

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Colloid and Surface Chemistry
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Traditional gels (hydrogels and oleogels) have limitations in water content, mechanical strength, and loading capacity.
Bigels are semi-solid, biphasic systems created by combining hydrogels and oleogels.
They feature interpenetrating networks, offering improved biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and loading capacity over single-phase gels.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the composition, structural types, and formation mechanisms of bigels.
To analyze factors influencing bigel performance, including gelator type/concentration, ratios, and preparation conditions.
To discuss current and potential applications of bigels in various industries.

Main Methods:

Literature review of bigel fabrication, characterization, and applications.
Analysis of gelling agents, preparation techniques (high-speed shearing), and structural types (O/W, W/O, bicontinuous).
Evaluation of influencing factors: gelator concentration, water-to-oil ratio, storage time, and pH.

Main Results:

Bigels integrate hydrogel biocompatibility with oleogel mechanical strength and loading capacity.
Key factors like gelator type, concentration, and water-to-oil ratio significantly influence bigel properties.
Bigels exhibit tunable rheology, high stability, and multi-functionality, suitable for diverse applications.

Conclusions:

Bigels represent a promising class of materials with tunable properties and multi-functionality.
They offer significant potential for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
Future research should focus on improving long-term stability, cost-effectiveness, and exploring advanced applications in smart materials and bionic engineering.