Transorbital endoscopic approaches: Applications in orbital surgery

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Ophthalmology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

• Transorbital endoscopic approaches (TEAs) have evolved significantly over the past two decades.
• The nomenclature distinction between TEAs and transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery can be ambiguous.
• This review focuses specifically on TEAs for primary orbital pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on transorbital endoscopic approaches for primary orbital pathology.
• To discuss the evolution, applications, and outcomes of TEAs.
• To highlight the advantages and limitations of TEAs in orbital surgery.

Main Methods:

• Review of preclinical cadaveric dissection studies.
• Analysis of clinical case reports and case series.
• Focus on literature detailing TEAs for primary orbital lesions.

Main Results:

• Early TEAs primarily accessed orbital roof lesions via superior lid crease incisions.
• TEAs have expanded to address lesions in extraconal and intraconal spaces, and the orbital apex.
• Clinical series report favorable outcomes with a low risk of permanent functional sequelae.

Conclusions:

• Transorbital endoscopic approaches are increasingly utilized for diverse orbital pathologies.
• TEAs demonstrate a favorable safety profile with minimal risk of permanent functional deficits.
• Further discussion on the advantages and limitations of TEAs is warranted.