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Electrical muscle stimulation: a multidisciplinary narrative review
Mohamed J Saadh1, Tamara Nazar Saeed2, Karar H Alfarttoosi3
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care
|November 9, 2025
Summary
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) mimics muscle action potentials for health and rehabilitation. This review explores EMS
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
Background:
- Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) is a widely used technique.
- It mimics natural muscle activation to maintain muscle health.
- EMS has shown potential beyond muscular rehabilitation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse applications of EMS in various health conditions.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of EMS's role in clinical settings.
- To highlight the variability in clinical responses to EMS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on Electrical Muscle Stimulation.
- Analysis of EMS applications across different health-related conditions.
- Synthesis of findings regarding EMS effectiveness and clinical response.
Main Results:
- EMS is effective in muscular rehabilitation.
- Emerging evidence suggests benefits in cognitive disorders, metabolic diseases, and pain management.
- Clinical outcomes and effectiveness of EMS vary significantly.
Conclusions:
- EMS is a versatile therapeutic modality with applications beyond rehabilitation.
- Further research is needed to understand and optimize EMS protocols for varied clinical conditions.
- Addressing the variability in EMS response is crucial for its broader clinical adoption.
