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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: A Multimodal MRI Study.

Lijie Zhang1, Jiaqi Yao2, Yiming Qi1

  • 1Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients show impaired glymphatic system (GS) function, evidenced by lower ALPS index and gBOLD-CSF coupling compared to healthy controls. These GS alterations correlate with clinical symptoms, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
choroid plexusdiffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular spaceglymphatic systemthyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition affecting the eyes.
  • The glymphatic system (GS) plays a crucial role in brain waste clearance and is increasingly implicated in neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate glymphatic system (GS) alterations in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).
  • To explore the relationship between GS function and clinical biomarkers in TAO patients.
  • To understand the underlying mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic strategies for TAO.

Main Methods:

  • Included 28 active TAO patients, 25 inactive TAO patients, and 37 healthy controls.
  • Assessed glymphatic function using choroid plexus volume (CPV), diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, and global blood-oxygen-level-dependent and cerebrospinal fluid signal coupling (gBOLD-CSF coupling).
  • Utilized general linear regression to analyze the association between GS parameters and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • TAO patients (both active and inactive) exhibited significantly lower DTI-ALPS indices compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01).
  • Both TAO groups showed reduced gBOLD-CSF coupling compared to controls (p = 0.001; p = 0.013).
  • No significant differences in CPV were found between TAO patients and controls. Significant correlations were observed between GS function and clinical parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is associated with significant glymphatic system impairments.
  • These GS alterations are linked to neuropsychological symptoms and sleep disturbances in TAO patients.
  • Targeting GS function represents a potential therapeutic avenue to improve the quality of life for TAO patients.