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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)
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Engineered Probiotics Remodel the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Yuejun Jiang1,2, Yicheng Ye2, Hong Wang2

  • 1Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

ACS Nano
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Engineered probiotics hybridized with nanoparticles offer a novel cancer therapy. This approach enhances tumor targeting and utilizes ultrasound to generate cancer-fighting reactive oxygen species, boosting immunotherapy.

Keywords:
breast cancerpiezoelectricityprobioticsultrasoundαPD1

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Living treatments, like bacteria, show promise for cancer therapy but have limited efficacy.
  • Hybridizing bacteria with synthetic materials can enhance therapeutic functions and tumor targeting.
  • Current bacterial therapies face challenges in clinical translation due to limited therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced microbial-based immunotherapy for enhanced tumor targeting and treatment.
  • To hybridize αPD1 antibody-engineered *Lactobacillus rhamnosus* GG (LGG) with BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BTO NPs) for synergistic anticancer effects.
  • To investigate the potential of ultrasound-triggered BTO NPs for reactive oxygen species generation and tumor microenvironment modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered LGG bacteria with αPD1 antibodies for tumor targeting.
  • Hybridization of LGG with sonopiezocatalytic BTO nanoparticles.
  • Utilizing ultrasound irradiation to activate BTO NPs for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
  • Leveraging LGG's hypoxia affinity for targeted delivery to tumor regions.
  • Assessing the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) and antitumor immune activation.

Main Results:

  • The engineered hybrid system demonstrated enhanced tumor-specific accumulation.
  • Ultrasound irradiation of BTO NPs effectively generated ROS, inducing ICD in tumor cells.
  • Oxygen production during sonopiezocatalysis mitigated tumor hypoxia.
  • The treatment significantly enhanced antitumor immune responses and augmented immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy efficacy.
  • The hybridized system showed improved therapeutic outcomes compared to unhybridized components.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered probiotics hybridized with BTO NPs represent a promising strategy for targeted cancer immunotherapy.
  • The developed system offers ultrasound-controllable catalytic therapy with dual action: ROS generation and immune system activation.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of primitive microorganisms and enhances the efficacy of existing cancer treatments like ICB therapy.