Coping mechanisms used by nurses caring for dying children: a literature review

Witnessing traumatic events such as the death and dying of patients without adequate support can have a negative effect on patient care and clinician well-being. This qualitative literature review aimed to explore and identify the coping mechanisms used by nurses who care for children who are dying or have died. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to inform clinical practice, reduce psychological strain and improve the quality of care. Coping mechanisms were categorised into three main themes: organisational, adaptive and maladaptive. Maladaptive strategies, despite their negative psychological consequences, were the most frequently reported, particularly in high-stress environments such as paediatric intensive care units. This pattern may reflect environmental or cultural factors that limit the use of more adaptive strategies. Further UK-based primary research is required to assess the effectiveness of these mechanisms and ensure their relevance to the NHS and children's nursing practice.