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How do cognitive disengagement syndrom symptoms in ADHD affect executive functions while reducing psychological
Gizem Buket Yayla Coşgun1, Dilara Dervişoğlu1, Gonca Özyurt1
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|November 10, 2025
Summary
Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) symptoms show lower psychological flexibility. Enhancing psychological flexibility may improve cognitive outcomes in these individuals.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) is frequently comorbid with ADHD.
- Executive functioning and flexibility are often impaired in ADHD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between CDS symptoms and executive functioning, cognitive flexibility, and psychological flexibility in adolescents with ADHD.
- To explore how CDS impacts these cognitive domains.
Main Methods:
- 101 adolescents with ADHD were categorized into CDS positive (CDS+) and CDS negative groups.
- Assessments included the Barkley Child Attention Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Scale, Psychological Flexibility Scale, and Stroop TBAG test.
Main Results:
- Adolescents with CDS symptoms exhibited significantly lower psychological flexibility than those without.
- Cognitive flexibility did not significantly differ between groups.
- Psychological flexibility sub-dimensions predicted cognitive flexibility, with varying components across groups.
- Higher psychological flexibility was linked to fewer errors on the Stroop test in the CDS+ group.
Conclusions:
- CDS symptoms differentially impact psychological flexibility and executive functioning in adolescents with ADHD.
- Interventions targeting psychological flexibility may benefit cognitive outcomes in adolescents with ADHD and CDS traits.
Keywords:
Cognitive disengagement syndromeattention deficit hyperactivity disordercognitive flexibilityexecutive functionspsychological flexibilityMore Related Videos
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