Phosphorus-Regulated Te-Vacancy-Localized Re₂Te₅ Anchored on TiN/MXene as High-Energy Anode for all-Solid-State...

Conventional liquid-electrolyte supercapacitors face leakage risks and low energy density, restricting their viability in portable electronics. Herein, a solid-state supercapacitor system overcomes these challenges via a P-A/C-Re₂Te₅@TiN/MXene anode paired with a SiO₂-optimized PVA/LiCl electrolyte. Phosphorus doping induces Te vacancies in Re₂Te₅ via P-Re coupling, enabling high-density Li⁺ adsorption sites and intrinsic conductivity. The N-functionalized TiN/MXene framework provides a robust conductive network that simultaneously stabilizes P-A/C-Re₂Te₅ through mechanical confinement while enabling efficient charge transfer via its high surface area and strong interfacial coupling. DFT calculations validate metallic behavior, optimal Li⁺ adsorption (-3.3 eV), and rapid charge transfer. The electrode achieves exceptional specific capacitance (1458 F g^-1 at 0.3 A g^-1) with ultralow charge transfer resistance. Integrated into a solid-state (P-A/C-Re₂Te₅@TiN/MXene//AC) device with a SiO₂-optimized PVA/LiCl electrolyte, the system delivers breakthrough energy-power metrics (56.3 Wh kg^-1 at 780 W kg^-1 in coin cells, powering commercial mini-fan for >2 min after 10 s charging), while its scalable pouch configuration delivers 84.6 Wh kg^-1 with exceptional cycling stability and 120° bending durability. This work demonstrates a flexible and high-energy storage platform for wearables, merging defect engineering, heterojunction design, and interface optimization to transition from lab-scale innovation to real-world applications.