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3D Printing High-Performance Piezoelectric Ceramic with Complex Structure for Ultrasonic Array Transducer.

Kun Zheng1, Yi Quan2, Weigang Ma3

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 10, 2025
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Summary

High-performance 3D-printed piezoelectric ceramics achieve a record piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 1285 pC N-1. This breakthrough enables advanced ultrasonic transducers with enhanced imaging capabilities.

Keywords:
3D printingcuring propertiesparticle sizepiezoelectric ceramicultrasonic annular array transducer

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Piezoelectric Ceramics

Background:

  • 3D printing offers advantages in fabricating piezoelectric ceramics but faces limitations in microstructure, densification, and electrical properties.
  • Existing methods struggle with complex geometries and achieving high performance for practical device applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a 3D printing method for high-performance piezoelectric ceramics with complex geometries.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of advanced devices, specifically ultrasonic transducers, using this method.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the digital light processing (DLP) technique for 3D printing.
  • Manufactured samarium-doped lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (Sm-PMN-PT) piezoelectric ceramics.
  • Designed and fabricated an ultrasonic transducer annular array.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 1285 pC N-1, the highest reported for 3D-printed piezoelectric ceramics.
  • Fabricated an ultrasonic transducer with a 60% bandwidth, 952 mV peak-to-peak voltage, and improved imaging resolution.
  • Demonstrated a new benchmark for 3D-printed ultrasonic transducer performance.

Conclusions:

  • 3D printing, specifically DLP, can produce high-performance piezoelectric ceramics with complex structures.
  • The developed method enables the creation of advanced devices like ultrasonic transducers, overcoming limitations of traditional manufacturing.
  • This work highlights the significant potential of 3D-printed piezoelectric ceramics for demanding device applications.