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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries
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In Situ Self-Adaptive Structure Evolution Under Volume Fluctuation Toward High-Performance Silicon-Based Anode.

Zhenhui Liu1, Shizhu Wang1, Mingbo Zheng1

  • 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Technologies, College of Materials Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a self-adaptive silicon anode for lithium-ion batteries. The novel structure enhances stability and energy density by accommodating volume changes during cycling, overcoming key limitations for practical application.

Keywords:
3D reconstructionfinite element simulationslithium‐ion batteriesself‐adaptive structure evolutionsilicon‐based anode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Alloy-type anodes are crucial for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
  • Structural instability due to volume fluctuation is a major challenge for silicon anodes.
  • Current designs often focus on static structural integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a self-adaptive structural evolution strategy for stable silicon-based alloy anodes.
  • To overcome the bottleneck of volume expansion in silicon anodes.
  • To develop a dynamic design paradigm for next-generation batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Covalent coating of silicon nanoparticles with amorphous SiOx/C composite (h-SiOx/C) to form core-shell structures.
  • Charge-discharge cycling to induce structural evolution.
  • 3D reconstruction, in situ optical microscopy, and finite element simulations for mechanism analysis.

Main Results:

  • The Si@h-SiOx/C anode evolved into a stable, micro-sized spherical structure with intact silicon protection.
  • Formation of inner SEI microdomains and cavities facilitated Li+ transport and volume accommodation.
  • Demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance in half and full pouch cells.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed self-adaptive strategy enables dynamic structural regulation for improved anode stability.
  • This approach offers a new paradigm for designing high-performance silicon-based anodes.
  • The findings pave the way for more energy-dense and reliable lithium-ion batteries.