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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Microscale Near-Neutral Zinc-Air Battery on Interdigitated Electrode Chips for High Current Operation.

Subhra R Pattanayak1, Nibagani Naresh2, Yujia Fan2

  • 1Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad, 500046, India.

Small Methods
|November 10, 2025
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Summary

This study presents novel microscale zinc-air batteries (ZAMBs) for compact electronics. These high-performance ZAMBs offer a sustainable and cost-effective power solution for miniaturized devices.

Keywords:
bifunctional cathodehigh‐rate performancemicro zinc–air batteriesnear‐neutral electrolyteon‐chip energy storage

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Microbatteries are crucial for miniaturized electronics, but traditional options face limitations in size and integration.
  • Emerging technologies like microscale zinc-air batteries (ZAMBs) offer high energy density using safe, abundant materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize compact ZAMBs specifically designed for microdevices.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using electrodeposited catalysts and microplotted electrodes for ZAMB fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ZAMBs using directly electrodeposited catalysts and microplotted Pt/C bifunctional cathodes.
  • Anode construction with zinc deposited on a porous silver scaffold of interdigitated electrodes.
  • Structural and electrochemical characterization, including in situ analysis of cathode formation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved areal capacity exceeding 20 µAh cm⁻² at 2 mA cm⁻² and volumetric capacity of 85 mAh cm⁻³ sustained over 100 cycles.
  • Outperformed most previously reported microbatteries integrated on interdigitated electrode platforms.
  • Confirmed in situ formation of CoNi layered double hydroxide in the cathode, validating bifunctional catalyst integration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ZAMBs demonstrate superior performance for microelectronic applications.
  • The use of a near-neutral electrolyte ensures robust performance under mild conditions.
  • These microscale ZAMBs represent a significant advancement in compact, sustainable energy storage systems.