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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation01:31

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

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Circular RNA-Encoded Proteins in Disease Pathogenesis.

Jude Uzoechina1,2,3, Zhijun Zhang1,2,4

  • 1Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute of Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China.

International Journal of Biological Sciences
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), stable ring RNA molecules, can encode proteins. These proteins are implicated in disease pathogenesis, offering potential new therapeutic targets for treatment.

Keywords:
Circular RNA-encoded proteins or translatable circular RNAsCircular RNAsbiomarkersclinical relevancemolecular mechanismspathogenesis

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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently-linked RNA molecules with high stability due to their unique ring structure formed by backsplicing.
  • Emerging evidence shows circRNAs can encode proteins, playing roles in various disease mechanisms.
  • Understanding circRNA protein-coding potential is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, characteristics, and functions of circRNAs.
  • To explore the mechanisms of circRNA-encoded protein formation and translation.
  • To discuss computational and experimental methods for identifying circRNA protein-encoding potential and their role in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on circRNAs and their protein-coding capabilities.
  • Summary of techniques for identifying and predicting protein-encoding potential of circRNAs.
  • Analysis of circRNAs' roles in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs possess greater stability than linear mRNAs.
  • CircRNA-encoded proteins are involved in disease pathogenesis.
  • Various computational and experimental methods exist for identifying circRNA protein-encoding potential.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs and their encoded proteins represent a promising area for novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current limitations and facilitate clinical translation of circRNA-based therapies.
  • Targeting circRNAs offers new avenues for disease treatment.