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Related Concept Videos

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Phylogenetic Trees

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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OncotreeVIS-an interactive graphical user interface for visualizing mutation tree cohorts.

Monica-Andreea Baciu-Drăgan1,2, Niko Beerenwinkel1,2

  • 1Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel 4056, Switzerland.

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oncotreeVIS is a new tool for visualizing tumor evolution using mutation trees. It enables detailed inspection and comparison of cancer cell phylogenies at the cohort level, aiding computational oncology research.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Single-cell sequencing and computational methods allow tumor evolutionary history reconstruction via mutation trees.
  • Existing tools lack detailed visualization, cohort-level comparison, and analysis capabilities for mutation trees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop oncotreeVIS, an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) for visualizing mutation tree cohorts.
  • To enable detailed inspection, comparison, and cohort-level analysis of tumor phylogenies.

Main Methods:

  • Developed oncotreeVIS as an interactive GUI for visualizing mutation tree cohorts and posterior distributions.
  • Implemented visualization of single and joint genetic events (point mutations, copy number changes).
  • Enabled highlighting of matching subclones, conserved trajectories, and drug-gene interactions.

Main Results:

  • oncotreeVIS facilitates visual inspection of mutation tree clusters and pairwise tree distances.
  • The tool supports cohort-level analysis of tumor evolutionary trajectories.
  • It integrates with existing mutation tree inference tools.

Conclusions:

  • oncotreeVIS enhances the analysis of tumor phylogenies by providing advanced visualization and comparison tools.
  • The tool supports computational oncology research by enabling cohort-level insights into cancer evolution.
  • oncotreeVIS is available as a JavaScript library and a web application, with example datasets provided.