Sepsis-Related Cardiomyopathy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) constitutes a critical myocardial impairment that substantially elevates mortality risk in septic patients. The structural and functional changes of SICM are accompanied by metabolic disturbances, including mitochondrial dysfunction and altered myocardial metabolism. Diagnostic advancements feature biomarkers, circulating microRNAs, and imaging tools, such as speckle-tracking echocardiography. Therapies extend from vasopressors to immunomodulators, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants, and mesenchymal stem cell-based approaches. Despite progress, challenges related to heterogeneity and the need for long-term data persist. Thus, integrated approaches leveraging machine learning and omics are essential for optimizing personalized care and reducing the global burden of SICM.