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Epidemiology of Epileptic Spasm and Affecting Factors on One-Year Prognosis: A Study in Tabriz Children's Hospital

Shahram Sadeghvand1, Ali Kamali1, Mirhadi Mousavi1

  • 1Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
|November 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Epileptic spasms (ES) in infants are often resistant to standard treatments. This study found prenatal insults and CNS malformations are common causes, with high rates of recurrence and complications within one year.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Epileptic Spasm (ES) is a distinct convulsive disorder predominantly affecting infants, often proving refractory to conventional anticonvulsant therapies.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and prognostic factors of ES is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of Epileptic Spasm (ES) in infants.
  • To identify factors influencing the one-year prognosis of ES patients.
  • To analyze clinical characteristics, causes, and treatment responses in ES patients.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 37 ES patients at Tabriz Children's Hospital (2015-2019).
  • Data collection involved a census sampling method using a checklist for demographic, clinical, and treatment histories.
  • Statistical analysis was employed to report findings on seizure types, causes, EEG, imaging, treatments, and one-year prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Flexor seizures were most common (40.5%), followed by mixed (37.8%) and extensor (21.7%).
  • Leading causes included prenatal insult (27.0%), cryptogenic factors (24.3%), and CNS malformations (16.2%).
  • High rates of disease recurrence (67.6%) and recovery with complications (18.9%) were observed within one year, with two deaths (5.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal insults, cryptogenic origins, and CNS malformations are significant contributors to ES.
  • Disease recurrence and complications represent key challenges in the one-year prognosis of infantile ES.
  • Effective management strategies are needed to address the high recurrence and complication rates in ES.
Abstract

Keywords:
Epileptic spasmEtiologyPrognosisSeizure

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