Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
Published on: July 18, 2020
The Effectiveness of a Cover-Copy-Compare App for Developing Secondary School Students' Mathematical Procedural
Jacob Strauss1, Colin Foster1, Tim Jay2
1Department of Mathematics Education, Loughborough University, Schofield Building, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK.
Abstract:
Cover-copy-compare (CCC) is a simple, self-managed process that enables students to develop fluency in important facts and procedures through modelling, practice and corrective feedback. CCC has been studied at primary-school-level mathematics, but not with the complex, multi-step kinds of procedures used at secondary school (age 11 and above). This paper reports on a randomised controlled trial involving 224 students (ages 14-16) comparing a novel CCC app to a non-CCC app. Both apps used similar technological environments to teach students how to find the equation of a straight line given two points. We found that students using the CCC app improved their procedural fluency more than those completing standard exercises did. We conclude that CCC has the potential to be used in secondary education and offer suggestions for future research.
Related Concept Videos
Graphical Representation of Inequalities
Solving Equations Graphically
Application of Nonlinear Inequalities
Transformations of Functions II
Linear Equations
SFG Algebra
Each node in an SFG corresponds to a variable, and the interactions between nodes are represented by branches with associated gains. When multiple branches lead into a node, the value at that node is the sum of the...

