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Related Concept Videos

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

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The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
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Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

4.1K
Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
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Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry

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Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
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Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry01:28

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry

4.7K
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
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Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes01:29

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

5.0K
The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable,...
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Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:17

Thermal Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions is strongly influenced by the orbital symmetry of the polyene HOMO. Under thermal conditions, the reaction proceeds via the ground-state HOMO.
Selection Rules: Thermal Activation
Conjugated systems containing an even number of π-electron pairs undergo a conrotatory ring closure. For example, thermal electrocyclization of (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadiene, a conjugated diene containing two π-electron pairs, gives trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene.
2.5K

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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

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A Switchable Deep Eutectic System Based on Diarylethene.

Hugo Cruz1,2, Noémi Jordão3, Sara Santiago3

  • 1LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.

ACS Omega
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Responsive deep eutectic solvents (RDESs) were created using a photo- and electrochromic molecule. These RDESs change color and properties with light or electricity, enabling tunable solvent behavior for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are versatile solvents with growing applications in extraction and separation.
  • Responsive DESs (RDESs) offer tunable properties triggered by external stimuli, expanding their functionality.
  • Stimuli-responsive units can be incorporated into DESs to create novel materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel RDES by combining a photo- and electrochromic diarylethene derivative (DTE) with quadrol (Q).
  • To investigate the photo- and electrochromic behavior of the synthesized RDES.
  • To explore the impact of stimuli-induced isomerization on the thermal and electrical properties of the RDES.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a new RDES composed of a diarylethene derivative (DTE) and quadrol (Q).
  • Characterization of the RDES's response to UV and visible light irradiation.
  • Evaluation of the RDES's response to oxidative electrolysis.
  • Analysis of changes in hydrogen bonding, thermal, and electrical properties upon external stimuli.

Main Results:

  • The RDES exhibited a reversible color change from yellowish to pinkish-red upon UV irradiation, reverting with visible light or electrolysis.
  • Photoisomerization of the DTE unit within the DES altered inter-component hydrogen bonding.
  • Externally controlled changes in thermal and electrical properties of the eutectic mixture were observed.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrates the photo- and electromodulation of DES properties by incorporating stimuli-responsive units.
  • This work opens new avenues for designing solvents with tunable characteristics for diverse applications.
  • The developed RDES holds potential for advanced materials science and industrial processes requiring switchable solvent behavior.