Diversity-Oriented Approaches toward the Synthesis of Cyclophanes

Here, we describe synthetic approaches to a variety of cyclophanes involving transition-metal-catalyzed reactions such as the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, olefin metathesis, enyne metathesis, Glaser-Eglinton coupling, Yamamoto coupling, etc. On several occasions, alkylation, benzylation, Grignard reagents, and potassium thioacetate have been used for the construction of different cyclophanes like oxa-thiocyclophanes, heteroatom-containing cyclophanes, amino-acid-based cyclophanes, [6]-cycloparaphenylene, crownophanes, normuscopyridine, and macromolecules. Interestingly, these cyclophanes are useful in "host-guest" chemistry, molecular recognition, and supramolecular chemistry. This article can give useful recent information on advances related to the cyclophane area from our group along with others' work.