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Exploring Associations Between WaSH-Related Health Outcomes and Terrorist Activities in the Sahel: A Scoping Review
Linda Christina Beck1, Branwen Nia Owen2,3, Emma Scott4
1Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Objectives:
The G5 Sahel countries have faced political instability and terrorist activities for over a decade. With the regional lack of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), there is an increased risk of adverse health outcomes. This scoping review aims to document WaSH-related health outcomes associated with terrorist activities, identify gaps in the humanitarian and political response and propose actionable recommendations to address them.
Methods:
We followed the PRISMA standards, including literature from PubMed and Web of Science. Country-specific timeframes for terrorist activities were used.
Results:
Data was extracted from 54 out of 2,320 publications on 22 December 2023. While malnutrition and diarrheal diseases were frequently reported as health outcomes - consistent with inadequate WaSH services - the lack of studies directly linking these outcomes to terrorist activities is notable. Only one article explicitly established a direct link between health outcomes and terrorist activities.
Conclusion:
The scarcity of studies directly linking terrorist activities to health outcomes reveals a significant research gap and highlight the need for more focused investigations into the health impacts of political violence in the Sahel region.
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