Barriers in motion: a multi-methods approach to exploring physical activity, physical function, and program...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Public Health
• Kinesiology

Background:

• Physical activity (PA) is vital for older adults to maintain independence and age in place.
• Adult Day Centers (ADCs) are community resources offering PA programs, yet the specifics of PA dosage and its impact are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the dosage and impact of PA among participants in ADCs.
• To explore ADC directors' perspectives on PA programming, including barriers and facilitators.

Main Methods:

• A multi-methods, cross-sectional design was employed.
• PA was measured using ActivPAL inclinometers; physical function was assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests.
• Semi-structured interviews with ADC directors were analyzed using qualitative methods, guided by PA principles (Frequency, Intensity, Type, Time).

Main Results:

• ADC participants (N=48) averaged 36.4 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA daily, with 68% meeting guidelines.
• Physical function scores (SPPB, TUG) suggested elevated risks for falls, morbidity, and mortality.
• Directors identified key themes: PA dosage/programming, barriers (staffing, funding, safety), and facilitators.

Conclusions:

• Systemic challenges like staffing and funding significantly impact PA programming in ADCs.
• Supporting ADCs with evidence-based programming is essential for participant physical function and quality of life.
• Future research should focus on community-based strategies to support ADC staff and enhance PA delivery.