Factors of variability in the composition of mixed saliva (a review)

The study of saliva composition attracts much attention and the number of publications in this area is constantly growing. However, the impact individual factors on saliva composition still needs better understanding. The limited use of saliva as a biological fluid for clinical laboratory diagnostics is determined by the lack of standardized preanalytical methods and the absence of reference values for biochemical parameters that take into account a number of factors affecting saliva composition and properties. In this review we have analyzed some factors influencing saliva composition. The impact of these factors on saliva composition is associated with dysfunction of the salivary glands, changes in salivation rate, salivary viscosity, dry mouth, pH balance, and electrolyte composition, leading to impaired homeostasis of the oral cavity.