Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
Published on: June 3, 2015
Driven-Dissipative Quantum Battery with Non-equilibrium Reservoirs
Zhihai Wang1,2, Hongwei Yu1,2, Jin Wang3
1State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
Abstract:
Going beyond traditional chemical batteries, we investigate a quantum battery system under both external driving and dissipation. The system consists of a coupled two-level charger and battery immersed in non-equilibrium fermionic reservoirs. By considering the changes in the energy spectrum induced by external driving and charger-battery coupling in a non-perturbative manner, we go beyond the secular approximation to derive the Redfield master equation. In the non-equilibrium scenario, both charging efficiency and power of the quantum battery can be optimized through a compensation mechanism. When the charger and battery are off-resonance, a significant chemical potential difference between the reservoirs, which characterizes the degree of non-equilibrium, plays a crucial role. Specifically, the charger's frequency should be higher (lower) than that of the battery when the average chemical potential is negative (positive) to achieve enhanced charging efficiency and power under strong non-equilibrium conditions. Remarkably, the efficiency in the non-equilibrium case can surpass that in the equilibrium setup. Moreover, we find no positive correlation between entanglement and efficiency; therefore, entanglement is not necessary to enhance the performance of quantum devices. Our results provide insights into the design and optimization of quantum batteries in non-equilibrium open systems.
Related Concept Videos
DC Battery
The Nernst Equation
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
Batteries and Fuel Cells
Induced Electric Dipoles
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Energy Associated With a Charge Distribution
Energy Stored in Capacitors
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...

