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Corrosion02:49

Corrosion

28.0K
The degradation of metals due to natural electrochemical processes is known as corrosion. Rust formation on iron, tarnishing of silver, and the blue-green patina that develops on copper are examples of corrosion. Corrosion involves the oxidation of metals. Sometimes it is protective, such as the oxidation of copper or aluminum, wherein a protective layer of metal oxide or its derivatives forms on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from further oxidation. In other cases, corrosion is...
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.1K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.1K
Corrosion of Reinforcement01:27

Corrosion of Reinforcement

480
The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...
480
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

1.2K
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
1.2K
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

1.3K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.3K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

4.8K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
4.8K

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Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
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Metal-Phase Protection Suppresses Bi Leaching for Durable Acidic CO2 Electroreduction to Formic Acid.

Zijian Tan1,2, Zhendong Luo1,2, Zichao Wu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a metal-phase protection strategy for durable electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in acidic conditions. A novel BiCu catalyst achieves high formic acid production with excellent stability, overcoming challenges of metal leaching.

Keywords:
Bimetallic oxidesBismuthCO2 valorizationElectrocatalysisMetal leaching

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Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) in acidic electrolytes offers advantages over alkaline/neutral conditions by reducing salt precipitation and carbon loss.
  • However, acidic environments lead to catalyst degradation and metal leaching, hindering activity and durability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a robust catalyst for acidic CO2RR to formic acid (HCOOH) by employing a metal-phase protection strategy.
  • To enhance catalyst durability and mitigate metal leaching in harsh acidic electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • In situ formation of a BiCu catalyst (Bi0.31Cu1) utilizing a metal-phase protection strategy.
  • Electrochemical characterization to assess activity, selectivity, and durability under acidic conditions (pH 2).

Main Results:

  • The Bi0.31Cu1 catalyst demonstrated impressive durability for acidic CO2RR to HCOOH.
  • Compressive strain within the Bi2O3 phase, due to interaction with CuBi2O4, enhanced Bi-O bond strength and reduced Bi leaching.
  • Achieved >90% HCOOH Faradaic efficiency (FE) across a wide current density range (200-650 mA cm-2).
  • Sustained ~90% HCOOH FE at 200 mA cm-2 for 500 hours in 0.5 M KCl (pH 2).

Conclusions:

  • The metal-phase protection strategy effectively minimizes metal leaching and enhances catalyst durability for acidic CO2 electrolysis.
  • The developed Bi0.31Cu1 catalyst shows significant promise for efficient and long-term HCOOH production from CO2 in acidic media.