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Eye-specific differences in active zone addition during synaptic competition in the developing visual system.

Chenghang Zhang1, Tarlan Vatan1, Colenso M Speer1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.

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|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

During visual system development, the dominant eye forms more multi-active-zone (mAZ) synapses, enhancing synaptic refinement and clustering. Abnormal retinal waves disrupt this process, leading to fewer synapses and reduced clustering.

Keywords:
dLGNeye-specific segregationmouseneuroscienceretinal wavesretinogeniculatespontaneous activitysynaptic competition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Spatially clustered synaptic inputs are crucial for local dendritic computations in learning and memory.
  • The mammalian visual system refines connections through synaptic strengthening and pruning.
  • Eye-specific segregation of inputs in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) is critical for visual processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anatomical changes in release site addition and spatial patterning during early eye-specific competition in the retinogeniculate system.
  • To understand how cholinergic retinal waves influence synaptic refinement and bouton clustering.

Main Methods:

  • Volumetric super-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy (SR-SMLM).
  • Electron microscopy (EM).
  • Analysis of wild-type mice and a mutant line with disrupted cholinergic retinal waves.

Main Results:

  • Individual retinogeniculate boutons form multiple nearby presynaptic active zones (mAZ) starting in the first postnatal week.
  • The dominant eye forms more mAZ contacts with more active zones and larger vesicle pools compared to the non-dominant eye.
  • Abnormal cholinergic retinal waves lead to fewer overall synapses and reduced synaptic clustering in both eyes.

Conclusions:

  • Eye-specific differences in release site addition contribute to axonal segregation during retinogeniculate refinement.
  • Cholinergic retinal waves play a significant role in synapse formation and clustering during visual system development.