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Empirical methodological research, essential for scientific progress, is often exploratory (hypothesis-generating) or confirmatory (hypothesis-testing). Most published studies are exploratory, even when presented as confirmatory.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistics
  • Biostatistics
  • Methodological Research

Background:

  • Empirical research is categorized as exploratory or confirmatory.
  • The exploratory-confirmatory distinction is under-examined in empirical methodological research.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding this distinction within methodological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Revisit empirical methodological research using the exploratory-confirmatory lens.
  • Examine current practices in biostatistics regarding this distinction.
  • Provide recommendations for designing, interpreting, and reporting methodological research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey of 115 biostatistics articles.
  • Analysis of research practices through the exploratory-confirmatory framework.
  • Development of practical recommendations based on findings.

Main Results:

  • Most published methodological studies are fundamentally exploratory, despite potential confirmatory framing.
  • Both exploratory and confirmatory modes are vital for methodological advancement.
  • A continuum exists between pure exploration and strict confirmation in methodological research.

Conclusions:

  • Transparent reporting of research mode (exploratory/confirmatory spectrum) is recommended.
  • Emphasize the importance of pre-defined study protocols, especially for confirmatory research.
  • Appropriate design, interpretation, and reporting enhance the rigor of empirical methodological research.