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Nanobody-based imaging: Advancing precision in molecular diagnostics.

Zohre Eftekhari1, Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht1

  • 1Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects
|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanobodies (Nbs) enhance molecular imaging with PET and SPECT scans. These small antibody fragments offer precise disease detection and treatment monitoring, paving the way for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
Diagnostic imagingMolecular imagingNanobodiesPositron emission tomographyRadiolabeling techniquesSingle-photon emission computed tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular imaging
  • Biotechnology
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Molecular imaging visualizes biological processes non-invasively.
  • Nanobodies (Nbs) offer advantages over conventional antibodies, including better tissue penetration and specificity.
  • Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) are sensitive molecular imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of nanobodies with PET and SPECT imaging.
  • To highlight the potential of Nb-based probes for disease detection and treatment monitoring.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in nanobody-based molecular imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in nanobody engineering.
  • Analysis of radiolabeling strategies for nanobody-based tracers.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical applications of Nb-based PET/SPECT imaging.

Main Results:

  • Nb-based probes show high affinity, specificity, and stability for molecular targets.
  • These probes enable precise detection of disease-associated markers.
  • Nb-based imaging facilitates early disease diagnosis and response monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Nanobody-based PET and SPECT imaging are powerful tools for precision diagnostics.
  • Addressing challenges in production and immunogenicity is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Nb-based molecular imaging promises to advance personalized medicine and improve patient outcomes.