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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Exploring the Role of Deontic Reasoning and World Knowledge in Wason´s Selection Task
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Discourse representations guide alternative set activation.

Morwenna Hoeks1, Maziar Toosarvandani2, Amanda Rysling2

  • 1Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabruck.

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|November 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study shows that discourse context influences language comprehension early in processing, not just late selection. Comprehenders use discourse information to activate and differentiate potential alternatives during real-time sentence understanding.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Linguistic focus activates contrastive alternatives.
  • Previous models suggested a two-stage process: semantic activation followed by discourse-based selection.
  • However, discourse and world knowledge also influence alternative identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether discourse information influences alternative activation early or late in comprehension.
  • To test two extensions of the Husband and Ferreira (2015) model incorporating discourse information.
  • To determine the timing of discourse effects in relation to semantic association effects.

Main Methods:

  • Three incremental comprehension studies utilizing the Maze task.
  • Manipulation of discourse context and semantic association.
  • Measurement of comprehension times and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Comprehension showed contemporaneous effects of both discourse information and semantic association.
  • Results did not support a purely selection-based model where discourse acts only late.
  • Evidence suggests discourse information impacts early activation stages.

Conclusions:

  • Discourse information is accessed early to activate and differentiate potential alternatives.
  • Alternative activation is not solely dependent on semantic associate priming.
  • A revised model is proposed where discourse influences early processing stages.