An integrated mathematical model for optimizing integrated pest management strategies against rice tungro virus...

One of the main obstacles in rice cultivation is rice tungro disease, caused by the combined infection of Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV), which are transmitted by green leafhopper vectors (Nephotettix virescens) through a semi-persistent mode of transmission. Control of this disease can be carried out using roguing, insecticide application, and the planting of refugia plants. Each control strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. Thus, analysis is needed to determine the most effective approach. Mathematically, one way to evaluate the effectiveness of these control methods is by developing a mathematical model of the spread of rice tungro disease that considers the characteristics of the viruses, the presence of vector and natural enemies, roguing, refugia planting, and insecticide use. Dynamic and sensitivity analyses, along with optimal control strategies, were conducted based on the model. The results indicate that the non-endemic equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text], with key influencing parameters being the insecticide-induced mortality rate [Formula: see text] and the natural enemy recruitment rate [Formula: see text]. Numerical simulations suggest that combining roguing, refugia planting, and insecticide application while utilizing natural enemies is the most efficient control strategy.