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Proteomic changes induced by acute exercise and high-intensity interval training during pregnancy: a pilot randomised
Dominka Goik1, Anna Szumilewicz2, Natalia Musiał1
1Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) during pregnancy shows potential benefits for maternal health by inducing metabolic and immune adaptations. While cardiopulmonary exercise tests cause immediate changes, regular HIIT leads to sustained adaptations, possibly preventing gestational diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Proteomics and Exercise Physiology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Background:
- Physical activity is crucial for maternal health, with WHO recommending 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly.
- Limited data exists on the impact of higher-intensity exercise, such as high-intensity interval training (HIIT), during pregnancy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze changes in the urine proteome of pregnant women following a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and an 8-week HIIT program.
- To gain insights into molecular processes influenced by HIIT during pregnancy using SWATH-MS.
Main Methods:
- 18 pregnant women (13-28 weeks gestation) underwent CPET to assess cardiorespiratory fitness.
- 9 women participated in an 8-week HIIT program (3 sessions/week), aiming to exceed their heart rate at the anaerobic threshold.
- 9 women in the control group (EDU) received weekly health education and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity advice.
Main Results:
- CPET induced significant, immediate alterations in the urinary proteome, affecting proteins involved in calcium binding, enzyme inhibition, and immune pathways (e.g., neutrophil degranulation).
- 8 weeks of HIIT showed fewer proteomic changes over time compared to CPET, indicating adaptation.
- Downregulation of proteins like TFF2, associated with insulin resistance, suggests potential benefits of HIIT in preventing gestational diabetes.
Conclusions:
- CPET elicits acute metabolic and immune responses, while regular HIIT promotes beneficial adaptations in pregnant women.
- HIIT may offer protective effects against gestational diabetes by influencing insulin resistance-related pathways.
- This pilot study provides a novel proteomic perspective on HIIT's impact during pregnancy, highlighting its potential for improving maternal health.
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