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Real-time compensatory mode control within few-mode fibers based on adaptive spatial light modulation.

Yuanhao Bao, Yuanyuan Liu, Yingying Wang

|November 11, 2025

Summary

This study introduces an adaptive spatial light modulation system using genetic algorithms for precise control of few-mode fibers in mode-division multiplexing. It enables high-purity mode generation and customized intensity profiles for advanced optical communication.

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Area of Science:

Optical Communications
Photonics
Fiber Optics

Background:

Few-mode fibers (FMFs) are crucial for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) systems, enabling parallel data transmission.
Efficient control and characterization of FMFs are essential for advancing MDM technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an adaptive spatial light modulation (SLM) system for precise mode control in FMFs.
To achieve high-purity linearly polarized (LP) mode generation and customized mode superposition fields.

Main Methods:

Combined digital holography (DH) for precise fiber mode decomposition with a genetic algorithm (GA) for SLM phase optimization.
Employed a closed-loop optimization strategy monitoring output intensity distributions.

Main Results:

Demonstrated LP mode excitation with purity approaching 90% in FMFs with 5.3 µm and 8.2 µm core diameters.
Generated customized intensity profiles through simultaneous excitation of composite LP mode superpositions with similarity indices nearing 0.9.

Conclusions:

The proposed self-adaptive mode control system overcomes complex coupling and static encoding limitations.
This methodology provides critical technical support for the advancement of MDM systems.