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Compact 4 × 4 multi-mode interferometer-based silicon photonics switch unit with thermal crosstalk mitigation.

Tun-Yao Hung, Chi-Wai Chow

    Optics Express
    |November 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a compact silicon photonics switch using multi-mode interferometers, optimized with a genetic algorithm for thermal resilience. The optimized switch achieves over 80 Gbit/s data rates, crucial for AI and optical computing applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical engineering
    • Integrated optics
    • Silicon photonics devices

    Background:

    • Silicon photonics (SiPh) switches are essential for high-speed data communication and computing.
    • Thermal crosstalk in multi-mode interferometer (MMI) based switches can degrade performance.
    • Optimization techniques are needed to enhance the stability and efficiency of SiPh switches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a compact 4x4 MMI-based SiPh switch unit with improved thermal crosstalk resiliency.
    • To utilize genetic algorithm (GA) optimization for phase shifter bias conditions.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed switch for high-speed data transmission and large-scale integration.

    Main Methods:

    • Design and fabrication of a compact 4x4 MMI-based SiPh switch.
    • Application of genetic algorithm (GA) optimization to determine optimal bias conditions for phase shifters.
    • Experimental characterization of the switch performance, including extinction ratio (ER) and data rate.
    • Long-term stability testing of the calibrated operating bias voltage.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved significant extinction ratio (ER) improvement of >17.5 dB post-GA optimization.
    • Demonstrated stable operating bias voltage for over three weeks.
    • Supported data rates exceeding 80 Gbit/s per channel using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), meeting HD-FEC thresholds.
    • Proof-of-concept for application in larger MMI optical switches.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed GA-optimized MMI-based SiPh switch offers robust thermal crosstalk resiliency.
    • The compact design and high performance are suitable for large-scale SiPh switch realization.
    • This technology is promising for advanced applications like optical neural networks and artificial intelligence (AI).